Seoul has issued a warning to Moscow, cautioning against exceeding certain limits, as reports suggest that Russia and North Korea are looking to strengthen their military relationship during President Vladimir Putin's upcoming visit to Pyongyang. National Security Adviser Chang Ho-jin mentioned that the intelligence indicates the potential for Russia and North Korea to pursue military and security cooperation akin to past endeavors. Additionally, there is speculation that Putin and Kim may discuss enhancing their ties by expanding military collaboration and allowing Russia to employ more North Korean migrant workers. This is amid the Yoon administration's claims of a broad spectrum of exchanges between Russia and North Korea, including the alleged use of North Korean weaponry by Russian forces in Ukraine. Chang, who previously served as South Korea's ambassador to Russia, also noted that Putin's rare visit to Pyongyang, the second in Russia's history, may signify the challenges faced by the Putin administration and its urgency. He highlighted the potential impact of Russia's concessions to North Korea on its relationships with Ukraine and the West. Furthermore, there are indications that the discussions between Putin and Kim could possibly involve the revival of the military intervention clause, similar to the one in the 1961 Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance between the Soviet Union and North Korea. However, the presidential office in Seoul was not available for immediate comment at the time of the report. Notably, the original treaty with the clause for Russia's military intervention on the Korean Peninsula was terminated in 1996, as Russia established trade ties with South Korea, following its formation in 1991 after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Subsequently, the Kremlin and Pyongyang inked a fresh set of agreements in 2000, focusing on economic, science, and technology cooperation, without including the military intervention clause.