Presidential chief of staff Chung Jin-suk was fined 12 million won by a Seoul court for defaming the late President Roh Moo-hyun through a social media post, overturning the initial ruling of a six-month prison term. The charges against Chung were related to a Facebook post in which he accused Roh's wife and son of receiving bribes from a businessperson associated with Roh. The court found Chung guilty of spreading false information with the intent to defame the victims and noted that there were no grounds for him to believe the accusations were true. The court described the post as a "malicious and excessively reckless" attack and emphasized that it did not serve the public interest. Despite overturning the prison sentence, the court acknowledged Chung's repeated expressions of remorse. Roh Moo-hyun, a liberal politician who served as president from 2003 to 2008, died by suicide in 2009 amid a corruption investigation involving his family and aides. Chung Jin-suk stated that he "respects" the court's decision but did not indicate whether he would appeal the ruling.